AN ULTRA-LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC VIBRATION ENERGY HARVESTER WITH WATT-LEVEL OUTPUT DRIVEN BY THE HELICAL CLUTCH FREQUENCY-UPGRADING MECHANISM
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摘要: 目前, 大多数的能量收集器从低频运动中只能收集到较少的能量, 且能量收集效率较低. 低频激励下发电输出能量低是当前限制电磁俘能器多场景应用的关键问题, 而电磁感应发电作为目前应用广泛且较为成熟的发电技术, 具有高功率输出, 被广泛应用于能量收集领域, 有望解决这一技术瓶颈. 文章提出了一种基于斜齿离合传动系统的电磁式振动俘能器, 以系统性解决输出频率低和能量转化时间短的问题. 俘能器的机械传动系统由直线−旋转转化模块、牙嵌离合模块和能量存储/释放模块3部分构成, 可将外界低频、不规则的瞬时激励(约0.2 ~ 5 Hz)转化为高频、连续的单向旋转运动以实现能量转换效率最大化. 对所提出的俘能器建立了机电耦合动力学模型并进行实验验证. 研究结果表明, 俘能器在外界脉冲激励下可以实现开路状态长达30 s的输出; 接入负载后惯性旋转运动的最高转速可达750 r/min, 并实现了运动频率从0.17 ~ 50 Hz的近300倍提升; 单层发电模块的峰值功率可达1.25 W, 两层发电模块并联输出2.5 W的峰值功率, 可实现134 mW平均输出功率. 此外, 其紧凑高效的传动结构设计使得俘能器可以进一步集成到可穿戴设备中, 在人体能量收集领域和构建自供能物联网传感节点等方向具有重要意义.Abstract: At present, most energy harvesters can only collect less energy from low-frequency motion, with low energy collection efficiency. Low power generation under low-frequency excitation is becoming the key issue that currently limits the application of electromagnetic energy harvesters in multiple scenarios. Electromagnetic induction power generation, as a widely used and mature power generation technology, has higher power output and is widely used in the field of energy harvesting, which is expected to solve this technical bottleneck. This paper proposes an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester based on a helical clutch transmission system to systematically solve the problem of low output frequency of the energy harvesting and short conversion time. The mechanical transmission system of the harvester is composed of three parts: a linear-rotation conversion module, a helical clutch module and an energy storage/release module, which can convert external low-frequency and irregular instantaneous excitations (about 0.2 ~ 5 Hz) into high-frequency, continuous unidirectional rotational motions to maximize energy conversion efficiency. An electromechanical coupling dynamics model was established for the proposed energy harvester and verified by experiments. The results show that the energy harvester can realize the output of the open circuit state for up to 30 s under the external pulse excitation; the maximum rotational speed of the inertial rotation motion after connecting the load can reach 750 r/min, and the motion frequency can achieve a nearly 300 times improvement from 0.17 ~ 50 Hz. the peak power of a monolayer power generation module can reach 1.25 W, and that of bilayer power generation modules connected in parallel can be 2.5 W, which can achieve an average power of 134 mW. In addition, its compact and efficient transmission structure design enables the energy harvester to be further integrated into wearable devices, which is of great significance in the field of human energy harvesting and the construction of self-powered IoT sensor nodes.
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图 7 俘能器在不同类型激励下的输出表现
Figure 7. Output performance of the VEH under different types of excitation
表 1 设计参数
Table 1. Design parameters
Parameters Symbols Values coil turn number N 200 coil external diameter D0/mm 15 coil wire diameter d0/mm 0.3 coil internal diameter d1/mm 5 coil height h/mm 5 coil resistance R/Ω 2.5 array number of coils and disk n 8 magnet material — NdFeB magnet profile — N35 disk diameter dm/mm 12 disk thickness δm/mm 3 magnetic pole number — 1 threads of screw rod z 3 teeth number in mate z0 40 sleeve diameter d/mm 24 friction factor μ 0.5 ascent angle of screw rod $ \phi $/(°) 26 elasticity coefficient of sleeve reset spring k1/(N·m−1) 700 elasticity coefficient of screw rod reset spring k2/(N·m−1) 800 mass of screw rod m/g 2.64 rotational inertia of flywheel JF/(kg·m2) 2.48 × 10−5 rotational inertia of sleeve JR/(kg·m2) 1.60 × 10−6 
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