FLOW-INDUCED VIBRATION ENERGY HARVESTING BASED ON FINNED METASURFACE BLUFF BODY
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摘要: 超表面结构对钝体气动力特性有显著影响. 为了增强普通圆柱的流致振动俘能特性, 在圆柱表面装配不同高度和不同数量的翅片超表面并研究其对流致振动俘能特性的影响. 搭建流致振动俘能实验平台并制作压电俘能器, 实验分析了不同俘能器的俘能特性. 基于Tamura和Shimada提出的涡驰耦合模型 (Tamura-Shimada模型), 推导单自由度 (single-degree-of-freedom, SDOF) 压电俘能器流−固−电耦合理论模型, 并研究了俘能器的气动力参数对其俘能特性的影响. 建立计算流体动力学 (computational fluid dynamics, CFD) 模型, 仿真分析了不同钝体的旋涡脱落模式和流场特性. 实验结果表明翅片超表面能够显著改变钝体的动力学响应: 抑制涡激振动从而降低俘能特性或从涡激振动转变为驰振从而显著增强俘能特性. 当风速超过相应驰振起振风速后, 俘能器出现驰振特征并表现为稳定的极限环振荡 (limit cycle oscillation, LCO). 理论模型能够较为准确地预测俘能器的电压响应. 通过仿真分析可知, 翅片超表面能够显著改变钝体后方的旋涡强度, 导致其动态响应发生变化, 最终影响其俘能特性. 此外, 研究了不同接口电路对压电俘能器输出功率的影响, 与标准直流 (direct current, DC) 电路相比, 自供能同步电荷提取 (self-powered synchronous charge extraction, SP-SCE) 电路不仅可以提升压电俘能器的输出功率同时也可以提供更加稳定的功率输出, 消除了阻抗匹配的要求, 保证了高性能压电俘能器在实际应用中的灵活性.Abstract: The metasurface has a significant effect on the aerodynamic characteristics of bluff bodies. To promote the flow-induced vibration energy harvesting (FIVEH) performance of ordinary cylinder, several heights and numbers of finned metasurfaces are assembled on the ordinary cylinder and their effects on the FIVEH characteristics are investigated. The FIVEH experimental platform is set up and the piezoelectric energy harvesters are fabricated, the energy harvesting performance of different energy harvesters is analyzed experimentally. Based on the coupling model of vortex-induced vibration and galloping proposed by Tamura and Shimada (Tamura-Shimada model), the fluid-structure-electric coupling theoretical model for single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) piezoelectric energy harvester is derived and the influence of aerodynamic parameters on the energy harvesting performance is elaborated. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is conducted to simulate the vortex shedding patterns and flow field characteristics of different bluff bodies. The experimental results show that the finned metasurface has a remarkable impact on the dynamic characteristics of the bluff body: suppressing vortex-induced vibration (VIV) contributes to the high-level performance degradation of the energy harvesting, or transforming VIV to galloping, thus significantly improving the energy harvesting performance. When the wind speed exceeds the corresponding galloping cut-in speed, the piezoelectric energy harvester shows the galloping characteristics and occurs the stable limit cycle oscillation (LCO). The theoretical model can accurately predict the voltage characteristics. The CFD simulation results show that the finned metasurface can influence the wake vortex strength of bluff bodies then lead to a different dynamic response, thus affecting the energy harvesting performance. In addition, the influence of different interface circuits on the output power of piezoelectric energy harvesters is investigated, compared with the standard direct current (DC) circuit, the self-powered synchronous charge extraction (SP-SCE) circuit not only enhances the output power of the piezoelectric energy harvester but also provides more stable power output, the requirement of impedance matching is resolved and the flexibility of adjusting the high-performance piezoelectric energy harvester for practical applications is guaranteed.
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Key words:
- finned metasurface /
- flow-induced vibration /
- energy harvesting /
- aerodynamic force /
- interface circuit
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图 1 带有超表面结构的压电俘能器示意图. (a) 结构示意图, (b), (c) 俯视图
Figure 1. Schematic of the proposed FIVEH with metasurface. (a) Sketch of structure, (b), (c) top view
图 4 带有不同列数与不同高度的翅片超表面钝体
Figure 4. Finned metasurface bluff bodies with different rows and different heights
图 6 压电俘能器的固有频率与短路频率
Figure 6. The natural frequency and short circuit frequency of piezoelectric energy harvester
图 14 部分钝体振幅与电压随风速的分岔图
Figure 14. Bifurcation diagram of vibration amplitude and voltage of various bluff body versus wind speed
图 15 圆柱与R3h1的气动力参数识别
Figure 15. Aerodynamic coefficient identification of cylinder and R3h1
图 17 对照组与R3实验组电压响应的实验结果与理论结果比较
Figure 17. Comparison of the experimental and theoretical results of the voltage responses, including control group and R3 experimental group
图 19 自供能同步电荷提取接口电路
Figure 19. Self-powered synchronous charge extraction (SP-SCE) interface circuit
图 20 PZT-5与输出端RMS电压随负载的变化曲线
Figure 20. The variation of PZT-5 RMS voltage and output RMS voltage versus load resistance
图 21 不同接口电路条件下负载的输出功率
Figure 21. The output power of the load resistance under different interface circuit conditions
图 22 U = 1.687 m/s时圆柱和R3h1的位移时程曲线与涡量云图
Figure 22. Displacement time histories and vorticity contours of cylinder and R3h1 at U = 1.687 m/s
图 23 U = 2.509 m/s时方柱和R3h5的位移时程曲线与涡量云图
Figure 23. Displacement time histories and vorticity contours of cuboid and R3h5 at U = 2.509 m/s
表 1 晶格无关性验证结果
Table 1. Results of lattice independence verification
Lattice Number CDmean CLrms Ymax L1 1 198 913 1.75 0.33 0.28 L2 1 381 446 1.81 0.43 0.30 (3.43%) (33.33%) (7.14%) L3 1 790 129 1.83 0.46 0.29 (1.11%) (6.98%) (−3.33%) 
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表 2 压电俘能器的等效参数
Table 2. Equivalent parameters of piezoelectric energy harvester
Properties Values Units Meff 5.75 g fn 9.86 Hz ζ 1.03 × 10−2 — Ceff 7.32 × 10−3 N/(m·s−1) Keff 22.09 N/m Cp 1.79 × 10−8 F Θ 3.65 × 10−5 N/V
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表 3 对照组与R3实验组的气动力系数
Table 3. Aerodynamic coefficients of control group and R3 experimental group
A1 A3 A5 A7 St CL0 f cylinder 0 — — — 0.170 0.302 1.900 cuboid 2.1 −261.8 11770 −105569 — — 0 R3h1 0 — — — 0.156 0.349 0.042 R3h3 1.1 −70.4 1097 −5778 0.131 1.042 0.013 R3h5 2.2 −45.1 378 −909 0.048 0.794 0.405 R3h7 1.9 −155.6 4202 −28937 — — 0
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表 4 接口电路使用的元件参数
Table 4. The device parameters of interface circuit
Device Parameter D1 ~ D8 1N4007 C0 2.2 nF C1 10 μF C2 4.7 μF T1 2N2904 T2 2N2222 L1 30 mH
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