CO<sub>2</sub>地质封存风险分析的多场耦合数值模拟技术综述 -

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CO₂地质封存风险分析的多场耦合数值模拟技术综述

doi:10.6052/0459-1879-23-127

于恩毅^*,
邸元^*,,,
吴辉^†,
曹小朋^**,
张庆福^**,
张传宝^**

*.
北京大学工学院, 北京 100871
†.
北京大学地球与空间科学学院, 北京 100871
**.
中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 山东东营 257015

基金项目:中国石化胜利油田“揭榜挂帅”资助项目

详细信息

通讯作者:
邸元, 副教授, 主要研究方向为多孔介质多相流数值模拟和岩土力学. E-mail:dyzm@pku.edu.cn

中图分类号:TU457
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- 被引次数:0
出版历程
- 收稿日期:2023-04-04
- 录用日期:2023-07-17
- 网络出版日期:2023-07-18
- 刊出日期:2023-09-13

NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON RISK ANALYSIS OF CO₂GEOLOGICAL STORAGE UNDER MULTI-FIELD COUPLING: A REVIEW

*.
College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
†.
School of Earth and Space Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
**.
Exploration and Development Research Institute, Shengli Oilfield Company of Sinopec, Dongying 257015, Shandong, China

摘要

摘要:二氧化碳捕集、利用和封存是现阶段被广泛认可的减少二氧化碳排放最有效的途径之一, 是助力我国实现2060年碳中和目标的重要措施. 在二氧化碳地质封存过程中, 储层−盖层系统多场耦合数值模拟是认识二氧化碳长期封存过程和论证封存安全性的核心技术. 文章对二氧化碳地质封存储层−盖层系统风险分析的流固热化多场耦合数值模拟技术进行了全面综述, 首先给出二氧化碳地质封存多场耦合问题的数学模型, 其基本控制方程包括应力平衡方程、质量和能量守恒方程、化学反应和本构关系等; 其次总结了全耦合、迭代耦合、弱耦合、显式耦合和拟耦合等常用的耦合问题数值解法; 然后介绍了CO ₂泄漏、地表变形、断层活化和裂缝拓展等地质风险的分析方法; 最后针对当前我国二氧化碳地质封存数值模拟技术面临的主要问题, 对未来的研究方向给出了建议. 论文能够为CO ₂地质封存场地尺度的相关研究提供有价值的参考.
- 二氧化碳地质封存/
- 多场耦合/
- 储层−盖层系统/
- 封存安全/
- 数值模拟
Abstract:Carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage is now widely acknowledged as one of the most effective strategies to reduce atmospheric carbon emissions, as well as the key to advancing China's 2060 carbon neutrality target. The numerical simulation of the underlying T-H-M-C multi-field coupled risk analysis in reservoir-caprock systems is a critical technology for understanding the long-term process and demonstrating storage security during CO ₂geological storage. In the present study, we present a comprehensive review on the current research progress of numerical simulation on risk analysis under multi-field coupling during CO ₂geological storage. Firstly, we briefly review the research progress in the governing equations, in terms of stress equilibrium equation, mass conservation equation, energy conservation equation, chemical reaction equation, and constitutive equation. Meanwhile, we summarize various numerical coupling solutions, including full coupling, iterative coupling, loose coupling, explicit coupling, and pseudo coupling. Furthermore, we introduce the analysis methods of CO ₂leakage, ground deformation, fault activation, and fracture development. Finally, we provide insights into future research directions on the technical challenges which are addressed in the numerical modeling of CO ₂geological storage. Our research can provide a valuable reference for the study of CO ₂geological storage at site scale.
- CO₂geological storage/
- multi-field coupled/
- reservoir-caprock system/
- storage safety/
- numerical simulation

HTML全文

图 1CO₂地质封存的途径^[10]

Figure 1.Approaches of CO₂geological storage^[10]

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图 2CO₂地质封存多场耦合原理^[13]

Figure 2.Multi-field coupled principle of CO₂geological storage^[13]

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图 3常用的耦合问题数值解法

Figure 3.Commonly used coupling solutions

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图 4CO₂封存储层−盖层中的地质风险示意图^[39]

Figure 4.Geomechanical risks during CO₂geological storage^[39]

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图 5通过断层泄漏到地表的潜在途径^[70]

Figure 5.Potential CO₂leakage path through a fault to ground surface^[70]

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图 6裂缝对CO₂运移的影响(CO₂饱和度分布)^[67]

Figure 6.Effect of fractures on CO₂migration (CO₂saturation distribution)^[67]

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图 7CO₂扩散运移数值模拟结果^[71]

Figure 7.Numerical simulation of CO₂diffusion^[71]

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图 8In Salah KB-502井地面垂直位移的演化^[72]

Figure 8.Transient evolution of vertical ground displacement at the In Salah KB-502 well^[72]

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图 9In Salah KB-502井2006年12月23日地表变形模拟结果^[72]

Figure 9.The simulation results of ground displacement at the In Salah KB-502 well on December 23, 2006^[72]

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图 10Mohr-Coulomb强度失效准则^[59]

Figure 10.Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion^[59]

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图 11应力状态耦合效应示意图^[59]

Figure 11.Coupled effects on stress state^[59]

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图 12胜利油田G89-1区块全地层模型

Figure 12.The full synthetic field model of G89-1 block in Shengli oilfield

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图 13分区域网格划分示意图^[54]

Figure 13.Sub-regional grid division diagram^[54]

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图 14胜利油田G89-1区块储层竖向有效应力模拟结果

Figure 14.The simulation results of vertical effective stress at the Shengli oilfield G89-1 block

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表 1国外部分CO₂封存储层的力学参数^[59]

Table 1.Stress state at several CO₂injection sites abroad^[59]

Site	Depth/m	$ {\sigma }_{1} /{\rm{MPa}}$	$ {\sigma }_{2} /{\rm{MPa}}$	$ {\sigma }_{3} /{\rm{MPa}}$	$ P /{\rm{MPa}}$	$ \mathrm{tan}\varphi $
In Salah, Algeria	1800	49.9	44.5	30.8	18.2	0.48
Weyburn, Canada	1450	34.0	36.0	22.0	14.5	0.50
Otway, Australia	2000	58.0	44.0	31.0	8.6	0.41
Snøhvit, Norway	2683	65.0	60.6	43.0	29.0	0.49
Tomakomai, Japan	2352	53.8		43.8	33.7	0.35
St. Lawrence Lowland, Canada	1200	48.0	30.7	24.6	11.8	0.54
Decatur, Illinois, USA	2130	98.0		50.6	21.9	0.51
Pohang, South Korea	775	18.2	15.1	13.8	7.6	0.27
Note: ${\sigma }_{1} $ is the maximum principal stress; ${\sigma }_{2} $ is the intermediate principal stress; ${\sigma }_{3} $ is the minimum principal stress.

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表 2国外部分可用于CO₂地质封存的数值模拟器

Table 2.Overview of numerical simulators for CO₂geological storage

Simulator	Main applications	Numerical method	Developers
CODE-BRIGHT	solution of the flow, heat and geomechanical model	finite element method	Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
COORES	multi-component three-phase and 3D fluid flow in heterogeneous porous media	finite volume method	Insititut français du pétrole
DUMUX	multi-scale multi-physics toolbox for the simulation of flow and transport processes in porous media	finite volume method	University of Stuttgart
ECLIPSE	three-phase and 3D fluid flow in porous media with cubic EOS and pressure dependent permeability	finite difference method	Schlumberger
GEOS	high-performance computing complex fluid flow, thermal, and geomechanical issues in modeling carbon storage and other subsurface energy systems	finite element method/ finite volume method	Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Stanford University, TotalEnergies, and Chevron
MIN3P	multi-component reactive transport modelling in variably saturated porous media	finite volume method	University of Waterloo and University of British Columbia
MUFTE	isothermal and non-isothermal multi-phase flow problems including compositional effects	finite volume method	University of Stuttgart
PFLOTRAN	parallel 3D reservoir simulator for subsurface multi-phase, multi-component reactive flow and transport	finite element method	Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
PHAST	simulating groundwater flow, solute transport, and multi-component geochemical reactions	finite difference method	US Geological Survey
ROCKFLOW	multi-phase flow and solute transport processes in porous and fractured media	finite element method	Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstofe and University of Hannover
RTAFF2	2D/3D non-isothermal multi-phase and multi-component flow	finite element method	French Geological Survey
TOUGH/TOUGH2	non-isothermal multi-phase flow in unfractured and fractured media	finite difference method	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
TOUGH-FLAC	non-isothermal multi-phase flow in unfractured and fractured media with geomechanical coupling	finite difference method	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Itasca
TOUGHREACT	chemically reactive multi-component, multi-phase, non-isothermal flows in porous and fractured media	finite difference method	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

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