LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF FLOW PAST TWO CONICAL CYLINDERS IN TANDEM ARRANGEMENT
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摘要:利用大涡模拟研究了雷诺数 Re= 3900下串列双锥柱在间距比 L/ D m= 2 ~ 10下的升阻力特性及三维流动结构. 研究发现: 上游锥柱在后方形成的两个展向不对称回流区, 使其后方压力分布不对称. 上游锥柱发展的上洗、下洗和侧面剪切层作用在下游锥柱的附着点位置不同是上游和下游锥柱时均阻力系数和脉动升力系数变化的主要原因, 串列双锥柱间流动结构随间距比变化可分为三种状态: 剪切层包裹状态, 过渡状态及尾流撞击状态. 剪切层包裹状态. 上游锥柱的自由端主导来流在下游锥柱迎风面影响范围广, 上游锥柱剪切层完全包裹住下游锥柱, 从而抑制下游锥柱后方回流区形成, 导致下游锥柱时均阻力系数降低; 尾流撞击状态; 上游锥柱尾流得到充分发展, 其回流区大小随间距比增大不再发生变化, 上游锥柱尾流出现周期性脱落, 撞击在下游锥柱表面, 从而使脉动升力系数大幅增加, 最大脉动升力系数较单直圆柱提升约20.7倍; 过渡状态, 此时时均阻力系数和脉动升力系数均会较剪切层包裹状态增加. 该研究可以为风力俘能结构群列阵布局提供理论支持.Abstract:In order to explore the time-averaged drag coefficient, fluctuating lift coefficient characteristics and flow field mechanism of two conical cylinders in tandem arrangement, large eddy simulation is used to simulate two conical cylinders in tandem arrangement with a spacing ratio of 2−10 at Re= 3900. The two spanwise asymmetric reflux zones formed behind the upstream conical cylinder make the en dash pressure distribution behind it asymmetric. The upwash, downwash and side shear layers developed by the upstream conical cylinder are the main reasons for the variation of the time-averaged drag coefficient and the fluctuating lift coefficient of the upstream and downstream conical cylinders. The flow structure between tandem two conical cylinders can be divided into three states with the change of spacing ratio: in the shear layer wrapping state, transition state and wake impact state. Shear layer wrapping state, the dominant incoming flow at the free ends of the upstream conical cylinder has a wide range of influence on the windward side of the downstream conical cylinder. The shear layer of the upstream conical cylinder completely wraps the downstream conical cylinder, inhibiting the formation of the backflow zone behind the downstream conical cylinder, causing a decrease in the time-averaged drag coefficient of the downstream conical cylinder. In the wake impact state, the wake of the upstream conical cylinder is fully developed, and the size of the recirculation zone does not change with the spacing ratio. The wake of the upstream conical cylinder periodically falls off and hits the surface of the downstream conical cylinder, which greatly increases the pulsating lift coefficient. The maximum fluctuating lift coefficient is about 20.7 times higher than that of a single straight cylinder. In the transition state, the time-averaged drag coefficient and the fluctuating lift coefficient will both increase compared with the shear layer wrapped state. This research can provide theoretical support for the layout of wind energy harvesting structures.
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图 1锥柱结构示意图及表面网格划分
Figure 1.Schematic diagram of conical cylinder structure and meshing
图 2串列双锥柱计算域及网格示意图
Figure 2.Schematic diagram of calculation domain and grid of tandem two conical cyliners
图 4间距比L/Dm= 5时串列双锥形圆柱烟线实验图与仿真流线图
Figure 4.Smokeline diagrams and numerical streamline diagrams of two conical cylinders in tandem arrangement at spacing ratioL/Dm= 5
图 5串列双锥柱时均阻力系数和脉动升力系数随间距比变化
Figure 5.CdmeanandClrmsof two conical cylinders in tandem arrangement change with the spacing ratios
图 6间距比L/Dm= 2 ~ 9下串列双锥柱时均压力系数分布图
Figure 6.Distribution diagram of time-averageCpof two conical cylinders in tandem arrangement with spacing ratioL/Dm= 2 ~ 9
图 7间距比L/Dm= 2 ~ 9下串列双锥柱在Y= 0,S1,S2,S3截面时均流线图
Figure 7.Time-average streamline diagram of two conical cylinders in tandem arrangement with spacing ratioL/Dm= 2 ~ 9 atY= 0,S1,S2,S3 sections
图 8间距比L/Dm= 2 ~ 9下串列双锥柱瞬时涡量图(Q= 1 × 104), view1为整体视图, view2为俯视图
Figure 8.Instantaneous vorticity diagram of two conical cylinders in tandem arrangement with spacing ratioL/Dm= 2 ~ 9 (Q= 1 × 104). View1 is the general view; view2 is the top view
图 9间距比L/Dm= 2 ~ 9下串列双锥柱在S1,S2,S3截面的涡量图
Figure 9.Z-vorticity of two conical cylinders in tandem arrangement with spacing ratioL/Dm= 2 ~ 9 atS1,S2,S3 sections
表 1相关参数定义
Table 1.Parameter definition
Parameter Remark Parameter Remark Dm 0.01 m, average diameter of conical cylinder $\nu $ 1.48 × 10−5m2/s, kinematic viscosity H 7Dm, the length of the conical cylinder ρ 1.225 kg/m3, density of air L center distance between two conical cylinders U,U∞ 5.772 m/s, velocity of inlet Δy height of the first level grid Re 3900, Reynolds number Cd 2Fd/(ρU2HDm), drag coefficient,Fdis the total
drag forceCp (p−p0)/(0.5ρU2), pressure coefficient,p,p0are the static
pressure and reference pressure, respectivelyCl 2Fl/(ρU2HDm), lift coefficient,Flis the total lift force Nfe number of free ends Cdmean time-averaged drag coefficient Clrms RMS value of lift coefficient 
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表 2时间步长、圆周节点数和第一层高度对时均阻力系数, 脉动升力系数和Strouhal数的影响
Table 2.The influence of time step and grid parameters on theCdmean,ClrmsandSt
Case Gird number Δy/D Nfe Δt Re H/Dm Cdmean Clrms St Case1 1 035 424 0.001 2 0.0002 3 900 7.0 0.749 0.0151 0.184 Case2 2 862 840 0.001 2 0.0002 3 900 7.0 0.756 0.0123 0.167 Case3 5 407 524 0.001 2 0.0002 3 900 7.0 0.758 0.0121 0.164 Case4 2 956 920 0.0005 2 0.0002 3 900 7.0 0.759 0.0119 0.161 Case5 2 709 560 0.002 2 0.0002 3 900 7.0 0.741 0.0112 0.154 Case6 2 862 840 0.001 2 0.00002 3 900 7.0 0.760 0.0126 0.164 Case7 2 862 840 0.001 2 0.002 3 900 7.0 0.743 0.0110 0.115 num.[25] — — 1 — 3 900 6.0 0.932 0.0190 — exp.[26] — — 2 — 88 000 5.0 0.742 — — 下载:
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