REVIEW OF HYDRODYNAMICS AND FLOW FIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF PUMP-JET PROPULSORS
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摘要:泵喷推进器(简称泵喷)是一种多部件组合式水动力推进装置, 由导管及导管内的旋转叶栅(转子)和静止叶栅(定子)组成, 具有高临界航速、重载、高效率和低辐射噪声等特点, 最早于20世纪中叶在国外出现, 初期主要用于鱼雷推进, 后拓展到潜艇推进, 目前国外潜艇、高速鱼雷普遍采用泵喷推进, 国内外泵喷的研究和应用存在巨大差异. 近年来, 因国外技术封锁、潜艇装备发展需求和拓展泵喷应用等, 泵喷推进技术成为水下装备领域的研究热点. 泵喷各部件间流场相互作用复杂、与航行体耦合程度高, 其应用和推广需要对其水动力和流场特性的深入认识. 本文介绍了泵喷的基本构成和特点, 按方向和目的总结了泵喷的水动力和流场特性研究现状. 从水动力特性的角度, 介绍了泵喷推进器的推进特性、预报方法和水动力变化规律. 从流场特性角度, 介绍了间隙流场、转-定子干扰流场和尾流场等. 分析并总结了泵喷水动力和流场特性的研究以及实际应用中所面临的主要挑战, 提出对未来研究的展望.Abstract:A pump-jet propulsor is a multi-component integrated hydrodynamic propulsion device consisting of a guide tube, a rotating cascade (referred to as rotor) in the guide tube, and a stationary cascade (referred to as stator) in the guide tube. Pump-jet propulsor has the features of high critical sailing speed, heavy load, high propulsion efficiency, and low radiated noise. Pump-jet propulsor was first invented abroad in the middle of the last century, and mainly used for torpedo propulsion in the initial stage, and then extended to submarine propulsion. Nowadays, pump-jet propulsor is widely equipped in foreign submarines and high-speed torpedoes. There are great differences in pump-jet propulsor research and practical application at home and abroad. In recent years, pump-jet propulsor propulsion technology has become a research hotspot in the field of underwater equipment due to the technical blockade from abroad, the development needs of submarine equipment, and the extension of pump-jet propulsor application. The components of the pump-jet propulsor have complex flow interactions with each other, and the pump-jet propulsor is highly coupled with the hull. The application and popularization of pump-jet propulsors need a thorough understanding of hydrodynamic and flow field characteristics. This paper introduces the basic composition and characteristics of pump-jet propulsor and summarizes the research advance according to research interest and purpose. From the perspective of hydrodynamic characteristics, the propulsion features, prediction approaches, and hydrodynamic variation laws are summarized. From the perspective of flow field characteristics, the published investigations are categorized and summarized as tip clearance flow field, rotor-stator interference flow field, and wake flow field. This paper analyzes and summarizes the challenges in the research on hydrodynamic and flow field characteristics of pump-jet propulsor and the practical application of pump-jet propulsor. Finally, the prospect of further investigations on pump-jet propulsor is proposed.
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Key words:
- pump-jet propulsor/
- hydrodynamics/
- flow field characteristics
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图 3鱼雷和潜艇泵喷水动力曲线
Figure 3.Hydrodynamic curve of torpedo and submarine pump-jet propulsors
图 5间隙对泵喷推力的影响 (续)
Figure 5.The effects of tip clearance on pump-jet thrust (continued)
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