DYNAMIC FRACTURE PROPAGATION MECHANISM AND APPLICATIONIN TIGHT OIL RESERVOIR
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摘要:致密油藏采用注水吞吐补充地层能量取得了一定效果. 但多轮次注水吞吐后, 地层压力和产量降低快. 本文考虑了致密油藏复杂的裂缝形态, 根据艾尔文理论及弹性力学剖析I型裂缝尖端附近的应力场分布, 基于渗流力学、裂缝性致密油藏特征及动态裂缝渗流规律, 建立了多裂缝交叉裂缝扩展渗流模型, 结合注水诱导裂缝扩展机理及断裂力学能量守恒原理, 得到裂缝扩展长度. 依据致密油藏逆向渗吸原理, 提出将注水吞吐转为不稳定脉冲注水. 对比分析注水吞吐、脉冲注水2种能量补充发方式, 预测10年累计采油、压力及剩余油分布. 结果表明, 裂缝净内压随着注水量的增加而升高, 当应力场强度因子达到断裂韧度, 在裂缝尖端会发生扩展. 扩展及延伸的天然裂缝相互沟通, 呈现不规则复杂缝网, 在复杂缝网中主要发生逆向渗吸作用. 脉冲注水累计产油高、注水波及面积广、逆向渗吸作用强. 裂缝性致密油藏水平井注水吞吐转变为脉冲注水方式, 能够充分发挥动态缝网的逆向渗吸及线性驱替作用, 实现有效驱油的目的.Abstract:Tight oil reservoirs have achieved certain oil increase effect by supplementing formation energy with water-injection huff and puff. However, formation pressure and production decrease rapidly after multiple rounds of water injection. In order to improve the oil enhancement effect of tight oil reservoirs, changing the development method quickly became hotspot research. This paper analysis the stress field distribution near the tip of type I fracture considered the complex fracture morphology of tight oil reservoirs based on Irwin theory and elastic mechanics. A multi-fracture cross-fracture propagation model is established based on seepage mechanics, fractured tight reservoir characteristics and dynamic fracture seepage characteristics. The fracture propagation length is obtained based on the fracture propagation mechanism and the energy conservation principle. It is proposed to turn water-injection huff and puff into unstable pulse water injection according to the principle of reverse imbibition in tight oil reservoirs. Comparative analysis of two energy supplementary generation methods, water-injection huff and puff and pulse water injection, predicting cumulative oil production, pressure and remaining oil distribution in 10 years. The results show that the net internal pressure of the fracture increases with the increase of water injection, and the stress field intensity factor also increases. When the stress field intensity factor reaches the fracture toughness, it will expand at the fracture tip. The expanded and extended natural fractures communicate with each other, presenting irregular and complex fracture networks. Reverse imbibition mainly occurs in the complex fracture networks. Pulse water injection has a high cumulative oil production, a wide area of water injection and strong reverse imbibition. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of the transformation of water-injection huff and puff into pulsed water injection from horizontal wells in fractured tight oil reservoirs. It can give full play to the effects of reverse imbibition and linear displacement. This research provides guidance for it can achieve the purpose of effective oil displacement of the dynamic fracture network.
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图 3多裂缝交叉扩展形成动态缝网
Figure 3.Multi-fractures cross and expand to form a dynamic fracture network
图 4M56-152H产液量历史拟合结果 (续)
Figure 4.M56-152H Production history matching results (continued)
10注水吞吐和脉冲注水逆向渗吸作用范围对比
10.Comparison of water-injection huff and puff and pulse water injection imbibition range
图 10注水吞吐和脉冲注水逆向渗吸作用范围对比(续)
Figure 10.Comparison of water-injection huff and puff and pulse water injection imbibition range (continued)
图 16注水量300 m3/d时发生水窜
Figure 16.Water breakthrough occurs when the water injection volume is 300 m3/d
图 17模拟脉冲注水3种方案生产10年预测产量
Figure 17.Predicted output of the three schemes of simulated pulse water injection in 10 years
图 18注水吞吐与脉冲注水生产10年预测产量
Figure 18.Predicted output of water-injection huff and puff and pulsed water injection production for 10 years
表 1数值模拟参数表
Table 1.Numerical simulation parameter table
Parameter Value size model size/m 1000 × 800 grid size/m 10 × 10 × 1 reservoir parameters depth in the middle of the oil layer/m 2285 oil layer thickness/m 25 ~ 40 matrix permeability/μm2 1.8 × 10−5 porosity/% 0.145 reservoir temperature/°C 65.3 original formation pressure/MPa 21.7 formation fracture pressure/MPa 60 ± 5 formation pore pressure/MPa 26.5 minimum horizontal principal stress of formation/MPa 45 ± 10 pressure gradient/(MPa·hm−1) 8.59 rock compressibility/MPa−1 1.4254 × 10−3 comprehensive compression factor/MPa−1 4 × 10−4 fluid
parameterviscosity of water/(MPa·s) 0.6 oil viscosity/(MPa·s) 158 crude oil density/(g·cm−3) 0.89 oil saturation/% 0.624 compression system of liquid/MPa−1 1.425 × 10−3 water saturation/% 23.90% volume factor/% 1.18 crude oil compression factor/MPa−1 9 × 10−4 well
parametershorizontal well length/m 1000 fracture half-length/m 30 fracture width/m 0.003 number of fracture 11 well spacing/m 100−200 distance between segments/m 25−60 well radius/m 0.1 initial surface injection pressure/MPa 31 
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表 2脉冲注水3种方案
Table 2.Three schemes of pulse water injection
plan injection time/
dshut-in time/
dwater injection/
(m3·d−1)oil production/
(m3·d−1)1 1 1 100 50 2 2 2 100 50 3 3 3 100 50 下载:
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